拉曼光谱作为一种“指纹光谱”可提供物质分子结构的有用信息，已广泛应用于考古及文物保护领域。拉曼光谱技术在文物有机物鉴定中具有测量简便、无损和微区检测等优势，成为文物鉴定的重要手段。本文系统阐述了拉曼光谱技术在文物有机染料、彩绘胶料、有机物残留物等分析方面的应用，指出了该技术应用于文物有机物鉴定研究的广阔前景，并展望了今后的发展方向。

Raman spectroscopy can offer useful information on structures of materials as fingerprint spectra. It has already been widely used in composition identification of artefacts in archaeology and conservation because of the advantages of simple operation, non-invasive and micro-area detection. In this article, the application of Raman spectroscopy in analyzing organic dyes, binding media and organic residues of the artworks was systematically illustrated. Additionally, the bright application prospect of this technique in organic identification of cultural relics was highlighted. Developing trend was pointed out as well.