本文提出了基于光学散射特性的失稳空间目标旋转速率实验模拟方案以及数据处理方法，解决了失稳空间目标旋转速率反演的问题。实验构造模拟实际光学观测的测试系统，使得卫星模型姿态、太阳方位、探测器观测角均与STK模拟场景相同，并模拟了低轨STSS卫星失稳条件下的探测过程，获取了多个周期的探测数据。通过频谱分析法、自相关法、交叉残差法处理实验数据，发现三种方法都可以成功反演出卫星模型的旋转速率，但交叉残差法受干扰较小，结果更准确。通过本文的工作，为今后通过光学散射特性反演真实卫星旋转速率提供了依据。

On the basis of optical scattering properties, the paper proposes an experimental simulation scheme and a data processing method to calculate the rotation rate of the spatial instability target, which is also successfully inverted. The experiment systematically simulates the actual optical observation. Therefore, satellite model attitude, solar azimuth and detector observation angle are the same as what STK simulated respectively. Moreover, the detection process of STSS satellites with low orbit is simulated. The data is collected from multiple experimental periods and analyzed by spectral analysis, autocorrelation analysis and crossover residual method, all of which can invert the rotation rate of the model satellite. Using crossover residual method, however, is found least interfered and delivers the most accurate results. The paper provides data ground for the future research on rotation rate of the spatial instability target on the basis of optical scattering properties.