光散射光谱(Light Scattering Spectroscopy, LSS)是一种可以实时、无创地对细胞核以及细胞器结构进行探测的光谱技术，并且能够在细胞和亚细胞尺度上获得生物组织的结构特征。LSS将微小粒子的光散射特性与它们的大小、折射率和形状联系了起来。生物组织具有结构特异性，当被光照射时会产生不同角度和偏振特性的散射光，因此可以获得有关组织宏观和微观的结构信息。这项技术在相关领域得到了深入的研究，并被扩展到癌细胞的检测。本文首先对LSS技术的基本原理进行了介绍，然后详细阐述了该技术在早期癌症诊断中的研究和应用，最后，我们总结了LSS技术的优势并对其未来的发展进行了展望。

Light Scattering Spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique which relates the scattering spectral properties of tiny particles to their size, refractive index and shape. LSS allowing real-time, non-invasive probing of cell nuclei and organelle structures and enables obtain the characterization of biological tissue structures at the cellular and subcellular scales. When biological tissues illuminated by a light source, it can produce scattered light with different angular and polarization characteristics due to its’ structural specificity, so the information about the macroscopic and microscopic structures of tissues can be obtained. This technique has been intensively studied in related fields and extended to the detection of cancer cells. First, we introduce the basic principles of LSS technology, then a detail description of the research and application of this technology in early cancer diagnosis is discussed. Finally, we summarize the advantages of LSS technology and outlooks its future development.