本文通过一步水热合成了雪花状三氧化二铁(α-Fe2O3)纳米材料，并通过化学还原法在其表面原位生长银纳米颗粒(AgNPs)，并将其作为表面增强拉曼散射基底用于检测大豆基天然酯油中的糠醛浓度。根据扫面电子显微镜 (SEM)，透射电子显微镜 (TEM)，X射线衍射仪(XRD)，电化学工作站以及拉曼光谱仪(Raman)分别进行表征。结果表明，以RhB作为探针分子，最低检测限为10-11 mol/L (M)，而且相较于单一AgNPs基底，α-Fe2O3-AgNPs的SERS性能更优异。将α-Fe2O3-AgNPs基底进行功能化处理，使其表面修饰4-ATP分子，并用于检测大豆基天然酯绝缘油中的糠醛，最低检测限能达到0.05 mg/L。检测结果完全满足电力行业绝缘油的老化标准 (重度老化，4 mg/L；中度老化，0.5 mg/L；轻度老化，0.1 mg/L)。

In this paper, snowflake ferric oxide (α-Fe2O3) nanomaterials were prepared by one-step hydrothermal synthesis, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were in-situ grown on the surface of the nanomaterials by chemical reduction method. AgNPs was used as surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate to detect furfural concentration in soybean based natural ester oil. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), electrochemical workstation and Raman spectrometer were used for the characterization. The results showed that the lowest detection limit of RhB was 10-11 mol/L (M), and α-Fe2O3-AgNPs had better SERS performance than a single AgNPs substrate. The α-Fe2O3-AgNPs substrate was functionalized to modify 4-ATP molecules, and was used to detect furfural in soya-based natural ester insulating oil with the lowest detection limit of 0.05 mg/L. The test results fully meet the aging standards of insulation oil in the power industry (severe aging, 4 mg/L; moderate aging, 0.5 mg/L; mild aging, 0.1 mg/L).