拉曼散射在分子检测过程中面临获取分子信号弱、检测灵敏度有限等问题。为了实现更高的检测灵敏度、甚至单分子检测，近年来科研人员利用等离子体纳米孔表面增强拉曼散射（Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering，SERS）技术，检测分子通过或聚集在等离子体纳米孔时的拉曼信号。本文从拉曼光谱技术出发，综述了具有固态纳米孔结构的SERS基底传感器的基本原理、制备方法，以及实现不同分子（如DNA、多肽、神经递质等）的检测，并讨论纳米孔SERS技术在未来的发展趋势。

Raman scattering faces problems such as weak signals and limited detection sensitivity in the process of molecular detection. In order to achieve higher detection sensitivity and even single molecule detection, in recent years, researchers have applied plasmonic nanopores as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to measure the Raman signals of molecules passing through/sitting in plasmnoic nanopores. In this paper, we reviewed the basic principles of nanopore-based SERS biosensors, the fabrication methods, and application on the detection of different molecules, such as DNA, peptides, and neurotransmitters. It also analyzes the future development trends of using nanopore SERS technology.