Carbon nanoparticle suspension has a good optical limiting properties, which is an excellent broadband optical limiting material. The relationship between micro-bubble radius and the incident light energy, theoretical mode of carbon nanoparticles suspension scattering coefficient and transmission ratio are established by heat conduction equations and Mie scattering theory. The variation of the scattering coefficient with the micro bubble size factor and optical limiting properties’ change law with the incident light energy’s change are simulated by matlab. The effects of bubble size factor, incident laser energy and wavelength on the optical limiting properties of carbon nanoparticles are investigated. It shows that when the laser energy reaches a certain value, the radius of the micro bubbles is kept constant, and no longer increases with the increase of the laser energy. The increase of micro bubble size has a significant effect on the transmittance of the suspensions of carbon nanoparticles. Meanwhile, carbon nanoparticle suspension has different optical limiting properties for different incident light wavelengths and light energy. The research results provide theoretical guidance for the experimental study.