This paper presents a SERS substrates construction method based on self-assembled structure of gold nanorods. The self-assembled gold nanorods SERS substrates with dense uniformity can be obtained by reducing or removing the coffee ring effect by solvent evaporation-controlled assembly mechanism.  Combined with portable Raman spectroscopy and rapid pretreatment of drug-containing urine, the substrate can be used for drug SERS detection with high sensitivity and good reproducibility, which can be used in drug-related urine drug detection analysis. Moreover, it is expected to apply to the rapid detection of drug-related sites.