Shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy（SHINERS）were introduced to identify natural madder in silk textile according to traditional dyeing methodologies. SHINERS spectrum of alizarin was also collected for comparison. The non-extractive hydrolysis method realized the rapid in-situ detection of madder dye on silk. It avoided the extraction of dyes from a silk textile and was much easier compared to the conventional methods.