In handwriting identification, when a case involves forged or altered strokes and figures problems the appraiser usually needs to examine the crossing section of the suspected material to confirm whether there is a forgery in the document. In addition, the study on the sequence determination of the crossing line can help appraiser to estimate the thumbprint of the handwriting and the character of the writing sequence. And also, those identification methods have reference value for the sequential identification of crossed writing and seal stamps documents. This paper draws experience from the existing methods with the common features, such as continuity of strokes and convergence phenomenon, and tests several types of black pens by Raman spectroscopy. Through the design of experiment to compare and choose the best parameters of the instrument and software settings, including microscope lens, laser wavelength, laser output power, spectral range, single acquisition time, cumulative acquisition times, scanning step, get the best experimental parameters and acquisition method and comparison principle. The experimental results of Raman spectrum 3D imaging are discussed in classification, analysis whether the application of this method to determine the writing order of cross strokes is useful. When preponderance and unanimous heterochromia phenomenon can be observed between the “hills and valleys”, an accurate conclusion can be drawn. When the heterochromia phenomenon is obvious but not incongruent or the phenomenon is not obvious, it need to combine the characteristics of stroke continuity in the 3D model to get the correct conclusion, but the accuracy is greatly influenced by the data processing and the 3D model imaging effect. At the same time, the undetectable situation is summarized, that is, when the Raman spectrum information is unable to be obtained effectively or the spectral information those are homology cannot be distinguished, the method is invalid. Based on the analysis and summarize of the experimental result, it can be sure that the Raman spectroscopy 3D profilometry techniques can get relatively objective and accurate judgment on the determination of sequence of black pen ink crossings under certain conditions, and the conclusion is affected little by the appraiser’s subjective judgment. It is worth a more thorough and comprehensive study in order to promote the application.
Key words
crossing strokes /
sequence of writing /
Raman spectroscopy /
Raman 3D profilometry imaging
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
References
[1]连园园,梁鲁宁,刘建伟.拉曼光谱及其在物证鉴定领域的应用[J].南阳师范学院学报,2014,3(13):18-21. (LIAN Yuanyuan, LIANG Luning, LIU Jianwei. Raman spectroscopy and its application in forensic science [J]. Journal of Nanyang Normal University, 2014,3(13):18-21.)
[2]林建成,李开开,黄建同.拉曼光谱技术检验黑色签字笔添改字迹研究[J].光散射学报,2014,26(1):68-72. (LIN Jiancheng, LI Kaikai, HUANG Jiantong. The Study of Raman Spectroscopic Technique on Changed Handwriting Written by Black Signature Pen [J]. The Journal of light scattering, 2014,26(1):68-72.)
[3]崔宗兰.超景深显微镜判定非连笔交叉笔画先后顺序初探[J].中国刑警学院学报,2017,2:89-91. (CUI Zonglan. Primary Investigation on Estimating the Sequence of Disconnected Strokes with Super Depth of Field Microscope [J]. Journal of Criminal Investigation Police University of China, 2017,2:89-91.)
[4]韩星周,连园园,梁鲁宁.黑色墨迹的拉曼光谱分析[J].刑事技术,2014,6:3-6. (HAN Xingzhou, LIAN Yuanyuan, LIANG Luning. Examination of Black Ink Marks by Raman Spectroscopy[J]. Forensic Science and Technology,2014,6:3-6.)
[5]韩伟,黄建同,陈维娜.拉曼光谱在司法文书鉴定中的应用[J].理化检验-化学分册,2015,51:1753-1759. (HAN Wei, HUANG Jiantong, CHEN Weina. Application of Raman Spectroscopy to Judicial Document Testimony [J].Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis (Part B: Chemical Analysis, 2015,51: 1753-1759.)
[6]连园园,李伟,梁鲁宁等.拉曼光谱面扫描成像判断黑色圆珠笔交叉笔画书写先后顺序[J].刑事技术,2009,3:14-17. (LIAN Yuanyuan, LI Wei,LIANG Luning. Determination of w riting sequence of black ballpen by Raman Mapping Spectroscopy[J]. Forensic Science and Technology, 2009,3:14-17.)
[7]Giuseppe Schirripa Spagnolo. Potentiality of 3D laser profilometry to determine the sequence of homogenous crossing lines on questioned documents [J].Forensic Science International 164 (2006) 102-109.
[8]Andre Brab, Maria Lo pez-Lo pez, Carmen Garcia-Ruiz. Raman spectroscopy for forensic analysis of inks in questioned documents [J]. Forensic Science International 232 (2013) 206-212.
[9]Terrence J. Igoe, Brian L. Reynolds. A Lifting process for determining the writing sequence of two intersecting ball-point pen strokes [J]. Forensic Science International, 20 (1982) 201-205.
[10]Robert D. Koons. Sequencing of intersecting lines by combined lifting process and scanning electron microscopy [J]. Forensic Science International, 27 (1985) 261-276.
[11]A.K. GUPTA, GULSHAN RAI and O.P. CHUGH. Determination of writing sequence of strokes of ballpoint pen versus ball-point pen and other conventional writing instruments [J]. Forensic Science International, 34 (1987) 217-223.
[12]S.J.strach. Establishing the sequence of intersecting ball-point pen strokes, Forensic science, 11(1978)67-74.
[13]Atul K. Singla, Om Prakash Jasuja, Jaswinder Kaurb. Determining the sequence of intersecting ball-pen lines and correctable carbon ribbon strokes [J]. Forensic Science International 64 (1994) 141-145.
[14]Igoe TJ, Reynolds BL. A lifting process for determining the writing sequence of two intersecting ballpoint pen strokes [J]. Forensic Science International 1982; 20: 201-205.
[15]Hung PS, Leung SC. Some observations on the morphology of a ballpoint pen stroke [J]. International Journal of Forensic Document Examiners 1995; 1: 18-31.
[16]SC Leung, YM Leung. A systematic study of the lifting technique for determining the writing sequence of intersecting ball pen strokes [J]. Science & Justice 1997; 37: 197-206.
[17]S.Kasas, A.Khanmy-vital, G.Dietler. Examination of line crossings by atomic force microscopy [J]. Forensic Science International 199(2001)290-291.
[18]R.W.Radley. Drtermination of Sequence of Ball Point Pen Writing Utilising Infrared Luminescence Techniques [J]. Journal of Forensic Science Society 1982;22:373-375.
[19]Andre Brab, Maria Lo pez-Lo pez, Garcia-Ruiz. Raman imaging for determining the sequence of blue pen ink crossings [J]. Forensic Science International 249 (2015)92-100.
{{custom_fnGroup.title_en}}
Footnotes
{{custom_fn.content}}
PDF(2274 KB)
