JIN Jing, MA Xiaowei, SONG Wei, ZHAO Bing
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Nanozymes are a kind of mimetic enzymes with both unique properties of nanomaterials and catalytic functions. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a phenomenon that Raman signals are greatly enhanced due to the adsorption of some molecules on the surface of rough metal nanoparticles or other nanomaterials. Nanozymatic SERS substrate possesses both enzyme-like and SERS activity. In addition to the electromagnetic field enhancement mechanism of precious metals and bimetallic nanozymatic SERS substrates, both electromagnetic field enhancement and chemical enhancement contribute to the SERS enhancement mechanism of nanozymatic SERS composite substrates. Since nanozymes are catalytic materials based on nanomaterials, and SERS substrate materials are also depending on the intrinsic property of nanomaterials, the construction of nanozymatic SERS substrate materials requires synergistic enzymatic catalysis and SERS activity. However, the introduction of SERS active substrate materials may reduce the catalytic active sites on the catalyst surface and the catalytic efficiency. On the other hand, the different adsorption properties of the molecules on the catalytically active materials and SERS active materials may cause the SERS detection signals to not truly reflect the real process of catalytic reaction, which greatly restrict their application for monitoring the catalytic process. Therefore, the design of nanozymatic SERS substrate is particularly important to balance the catalytic and SERS activity of composite materials. Nanozymatic SERS substrates show promising applications in environmental monitoring, food safety, biomedicine and other fields. Based on the stimulus response of small molecules and heavy metal ions to nanozymatic reaction, some probes without Raman scattering cross-section, such as small molecules, heavy metal ions, and biomolecules can be indirectly detected, while such molecules can not be directly detected by the interaction with the substrate through the SERS technology. The research of nanozymatic SERS substrate materials has great value in theory and real applications with broad prospects in the field of catalytic mechanism and monitoring as well as ultrasensitive biosensing.
